Prehistoric Bajada "Hanging"  Canals Menu & Directory
Don Lancaster
don@tinaja.com
( 928 ) 428-4073
Jim Neely
neelyja@utexas.edu
(575) 686-0098

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Some recent Safford AZ area discoveries have now located many dozens of Mt. Graham mountain stream fed prehistoric CE 1350 "hanging" canals that represent utterly mind boggling world class stone age engineering.

An apparently unique hallmark of the entire complex system is that the canals are often literally "hung" on the extremely difficult terrain of steep bajada mesa edges. In a clear attempt to make their routings and carefully controlled slopes fully independent of local typography!

Land Ownership is primarily Bureau of Land ManagementArizona State LandsCoronado National Forest, and some private inholdings. A few of the canals are severely endangered, but the vast majority simply remain woefully ununderstood and wildly unappreciated. 

Over 110 canal study areas have already gotten identified, with a projected total length likely well in excess of 150 miles or 250 kilometers.

Preservation is often exceptional. It seems an attempt was made to exploit literally every drop of mountain stream water. Along with a few related artesian sources. Not including the usual Hohokam style riverine canals.

Amazingly, the system appears "complete" and  free of any apparent mistakes or failures. Other involved examples of stunning engineering include a significant aqueduct, watershed crossings (!)), routings along the highest of available terrain, and "counterflowing" where canal slopes drop into rising terrain.

While the vast majority of canals favor the wetter northeast slopes, examples also literally surround Mount Graham. Which has the highest  elevation differential of any Arizona range. Combined with an unusually high number of perennial streams.

Other instances of separate area ag development include Hohokam style riverine  canals, extensive gridded fields, mulch rings, field  houses, rock alignments and aproned check dams.

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Acme Mapper and Zoom Earth and Google Earth have all proven enormously useful in our canal work. Sadly, satellite imagery resolution presently can only hint at the presence of a small fraction of the canals.

The prehistoric Bajada "hanging" canal study areas are listed here originally in roughly east to west order. A very few darkened "losers" do remain in this listing in order to divert future duplication. Many of the names were somewhat arbitrarily assigned.

Canal Study Area
Directory
Menu
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1. Veech Canyon 2. Goat Tank 3.Ledford Tank 4. Low Jacobson
5. Upper Marijilda 6. Main Marijilda 7. South Feeder 8. The Aqueduct
9.Lebanon Hanging 10. Six Pack 11. Henry Canal 12.Roper Lake
13. The Rincon 14. Tran Quility 15.Discvry Park 16. Twin East
17. Twin West 18. TB Ponding 19. Bear Flat 20. Goat Hydro?
21 Deadm West 22. Water Spreaders 23.Bigler Canal 24. Mulch Rings
25. Apron Check 26.Alberto Signature 27. Long View 28. Upper Frye
29. Mid Frye Deliv 30. Low Frye Pond 31. HS Canal 32.Early Freeman
33. Blue Ponds 34. Riggs Mesa 35 Golf Course 36. Twin Artesian
37.Robin son canal 38. Allen canal 39. Allen
Dm Failure
40. Culebr Cut
41. Ash Creek Fed 42. Mud Springs 43. Troll House 44. Mud Jernig Bch
45. Mud Tank 46. Canal Jernigan 47. Lower Mud 48. Smith Tank
49. Cluff Southwest 50. Cluff Northwst 51. Minor Webster 52.Tugood Canal
53. Main Lefthand 54. Lefthn West 55. South Lefthand 56. Lamb Tank
57.Mystery Reach 58. Sand Wash 59.Nuttall Diversion 60. Bear Springs
61. The Grids 62.Klond Bandelier 63. UFO Fish Filets 64. P
Ranch
65. Spear Ranch 66. Sand West 67. Sand Center 68.Deadm East
69. Taylor Canyon 70. Lower Frye 71.Klondye
Canal
72. Canal near UFO
73. Hog Canyon 74. Grant Creek 75. Low Frye Extn 76. Tail Water
77. #1 Artesian 78. #2 Artesian 79. Lopez Area 80. Reay Canal
81.Mid Lebanon 82. Lower Rincon 83. Deep Vee Myst 84. Henry Fields
85.Thund Rework 86. Integrt Supercanl 87. Cotton Artesian 88. Frye Pipeline
89. Stone Work 90. San Jose Rivn 91. Jernig Extension 92. Freem Fields
93. Tripp Canyon 94. Levad Maderiaa 95. Sunny Flat 96.Aravia Historic
97.Jenning Main 98.Jenning Lead 99. Jenn
west
100.Jenning East Hints
101.Smith Extension 102.Henry Fields 103. Disc Destination 104. Short Rincon
105. Mid Smith 106.Twin East Feed 107. East Dump 108. Quail Canal
109. Tripp Extension 110 West Dump 111.Layton Canal 112.Rock Walls

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#1 Veech
Canal


N 32.64150 W 109.74348
 to
N 32.64385 W 109.74219

From middle Veech Canyon to some possible
P Ranch Fields. Has only gotten a preliminary
exploration but might end up quite significant.

Several rock alignments nearby. Difficult foot
only access.  Unusually, this canal lies entirely
on CNF owned lands.  Shorter than most, this
canal is one mile long. Distinct web imagery.

Images: Veech1 Veech2 Veech3
Veech4 Veech5

Field Notes here.

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#2 Goat
Tank


N 32.68467 W 109.76160
to
N 32.68914 W 109.72106

 Jacobson Canyon to south edge of Ledford
Mesa complex. Shared with the #3 Ledford
Canal. Still is in apparently seasonal flowing
and remains in modern  use. Difficult access.

Partial access restricted private lands. Does
Include a curious historic pipeline that may
have been a  previous use of hydro power.

Images: goat4 goat5

Field Notes: none yet.

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#3 Ledford
Tank


N 32.68914 W 109.72106
 to
N 32.68667 W 109.74404

 Jacobson Canyon to south edge of Ledford
Mesa complex.  A secondary route shared
with #2 GTC1 Ledford Canal. Apparently
seasonal flowing and still in modern use.
Very difficult access via private lands.

Images: goat4 goat5

Field Notes: none yet.

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#4 Lower
Jacobson


N 32.67671 W 109.77610
 to
N 32.67736 W 109.77472 

Largely discredited. Aerial evidence became
a fence line in rather hostile terrain.

Images: not yet available.

Field Notes: not yet available.

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#5 Upper
Marijilda


N 32.70648 W 109.77932
 to
N 32.70930 W 109.77709

A group of small delivery canals near the main
Marijilda takein. Includes a distinct hanging
portion to the north of the main canal.

Images: Not yet available.

Field Notes: Not yet available.

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#6 Marijilda
Diversion Takein


N 32.70628 W 109.77702
 to
N 32.73322 W 109.76149

Major prehistoric development likely sourcing
Henry's, High Lebanon, TB East, and West.

Still flowing in maintained modern use.

Images: Not yet available.

Field Notes: Not yet available

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#7 Marijilda
Southern Feeders


N 32.71096 W 109.77108
 to
N 32.71327 W 109.76696

Short delivery and diversion canals south of
Main Marijilda. Needs further work.

Images: Not yet available.

Field Notes: Not yet available

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#8 Marijilda
Aqueduct


N 32.72363 W 109.76260
to
N 32.72419 W 109.76241

Stunning aqueduct crosses a saddle to retain
an acceptable canal slope. Precedes High
Lebanon Hanging Canal of #09.

Images: aquad3.jpg.
Field Notes: Not yet available

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#9 High Lebanon Hanging Canal


N 32.72410 W 109.76239
 to
N 32.74113 W 109.74677

Impressive hanging portion literally on the
edge of a mesa and 200 feet above adjacent drainage terrain. Follows a major aqueduct.

Images:  hangcan1  highleb1 mary2  highleb

Field Notes: Not yet available.

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#10 Six Pack Canal


N 32.72290 W 109.76052
to
N 32.74449 W 109.73391

Branch of Marijilda south of access road that
still needs work. Possibly a feeder to Henry's
Canal #11.

Images: none

Field Notes: Not yet available.

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#11 Henry's
Canal


N 32.73712 W 109.74229
 to
N 32.74392 W 109.72824

Southern branch of main Marijilda, portions
still unexplored. Has well defined mid-canal
fields at N 32.74328 W 109.72803.

Images:  henry1.jpg  henry9.jpg  henry10.jpg
 henry11.jpg  henry30.jpg  henry31.jpg
 henry33.jpg  henry35.jpg

Field note in need of revision here.

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#12 Roper
Lake Canal


N 32.74592 W 109.74116
 to
N 32.75566 W 109.70889

Possibly modern and dating from the 1950's
without any prehistoric precedent.  Literally
crosses Henry's Canal. Cardinal orientated.

Images: none

Field Notes: none.

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#13 Rincon
Canal


N 32.73412 W 109.76322
 to
N 32.76220 W 109.74404

Marijilda branch possibly becomes Twin West
canal.  As can Deadman East.  Further study is
definitely required, especially along mid route.

Images: none

Field Notes: none

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#14 Tranquility
Canal


N 32.75754 W 109.73294
 to 
N 32.77477 W 109.72751

Artesian driven "urban" canal has the Cook
Reservoir as its apparent destination. There
are numerous private landowners.

Images:  tranq1.jpg  tranq2.jpg

Field Notes: tranquility1fn.pdf

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#15 Discovery
Park Canal


N 32.79267 W 109.72830
 to
N 32.79449 W 109.72782

Weak evidence of a possible feeder canal
to destinations in the Discovery Park area.

Images: None so far.

Field Notes: None so far.

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#16 Twin B
East Canal


N 32.76068 W 109.73500
 to
N 32.76472 W 109.73426

Routes UNDER the Lebanon Cemetery (!),
one of TWO feeders to the TB ponding area.
Unverified source possibly High Lebanon #9.

Images: None so far.
Field Notes: None so far.

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#17 Twin B
West Canal


N 32.76225 W 109.74374
 or
N 32.76738 W 109.73804

Hanging canal is SECOND feeder to the tb
ponding area.  Unproven candidate sources
do include both Rincon and Deadman East.

Images: None so far.

Field Notes: None so far.

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#18 Twin B
Ponding


N 32.76739 W 109.73799
 to
N 32.76465 W 109.73404

Receives and redistributes Twine16 and
Twinw17 canal water. Largely single walled.
Has a  highly distinctive aerial profile.

Images:  rinc1 rinc2

Field note needing revision here.

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#19 Bear
Flat Canal


N 32.85790 W 109.96120
 to
N 32.85985 W 109.95839

The Bear Flat canal is near Bear Springs Knoll.
This sources from an artesian well and delivers
to a field found 0.6 miles to the north. It still
flows to this day.

Images: none yet.

Field Notes: part of Bear Springs.

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#20 Goat
Hydroelectric?


N 32.68506 W 109.72946 to

N 32.68367 W 109.72867

A steep and long historic pipeline following
the Goat Canal would seemingly have hydro
potential having 200 feet of available head.
While presently inactive, further historic
research does appear possible.

Images: none yet

Field notes: none yet

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#21 Deadman
West Canal


N 32.73735 W 109.81292
 to
N 32.77055 W 109.75235

Still flows in original channel for cattle tanks.
Portions are buried pipeline. Sources Deadman
East. Flows along highest of available terrain. Possible three way switch servicing Upper
Deadman and Porter Springs.

Images:  deadman3   deadman4   deadman5

Field notes: deadman1fn.pdf

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#22 Water
Spreaders


N 32.75785 W 109.82808
 or
N 32.81673 W 109.96824
 or
N 32.96642 W 109.87226.

There are many thousands of these, the most
obvious of which are CCC, but some possibly prehistoric examples also may be present.

Images: None at present.

Field notes: None at present

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#23  Bigler
Canal


N 32.85200 W 109.93843
 to
N 32.85185 W 109.94869

The Bigler Canal likely includes remnant
prehistoric technology, based upon size and
energy efficiency. It is artesian sourced and
still flows to this day. The access may be
presently restricted.

Images: none yet.

Field Notes: part of Bear Springs

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#24 Mulch
Ring Arrays


N 32.78806 W 109.76691
 or
N 32.78074 W 109.74623

Typically are 2 feet in diameter by 1 rock high
and are in groups of 20 or so. Rather common.
These are likely older than the bajada canals.
Used for water and moisture retention.

Images:  bluemulchrings.jpg

Field notes: none yet.

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#25 Apron
Check Dams


N 32.77821 W 109.76422
or
N 32.82174 W 109.91732

  ... plus many others.  Rock diversions across
secondary washes are common.  While not
hanging canal related, they represent very
significant water management features.

Images:  lefthandfig10.jpg

Field notes: none yet.

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#26 Alberto's
Signature


near 32.79690 W 109.75485

Of the many thousands of conflicting CCC
structures locally, this is the only known one
that has been incisively autographed in stone.
Located near the Freeman Canal.

Images: none yet

Field Notes: None yet

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#27 Long
View Canal


near N 32.78943 W 109.75968

Obvious short wall on otherwise unsupported
short canal segment. Sourcing is unknown and
unproven. The possible destination is some
rock constructs that are located near
N 32.78938 W 109.75872.

Images: None yet

Field notes: longviewfn1.pdf

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#28 Upper 
Frye Watershed


N 32.74427 W 109.83918
 to 
N 32.74558 W 109.84033

Unproven potentially spectacular watershed
crossing seems demanded by HS Canal, Golf, Freeman, and others.

A significantly obvious watershed crossing
has been proven on the Mud Springs Canal
at 32.79159 -109.85379 An image of which
can be found here.

Field notes: none yet

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#29 Middle
Frye Delivery


N 32.74572 W 109.84033
 to
N 32.75433 W 109.82633

Partially undiscovered but demanded by Frye
Ponding Area, HS Canal, Golf Course, and
the Robinson Canal.

The simplest to explain would be an Upper Frye watershed #28 crossing that remains
unproven. Some CCC rework is present..

Images: none yet

Field notes: fryecomplex1fn.pdf

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#30 Lower Frye
Ponding Area


N 32.76011 W 109.81132

Gathers some Frye Mesa braided channels
to support HS Canal, and Robinson Canal.
the likely still unproven Golf Course, Blue
Ponds, Lower Frye, and Freeman Canals.

  Remaining unproven is the needed upper
Frye watershed crossing.

Images: none yet

Field notes: fryecomplex1fn.pdf

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#31 HS
Canal


N 32.76011 W 109.81132 to

N 32.75792 W 109.81520

Superb hanging and counterflowing construct
returns water to Frye Creek,  possibly sources
Golf Course, Blue Ponds, and Freeman Canals.

Among the three most major known constructs
that include the Aqueduct and the Culebra Cut.

Images: hscan2.jpg

Field notes: none yet

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#32 Early Freeman Canal


Near N 32.75987 W 109.81163

This initial search for a Lower Frye to Blue
Ponds connection was discredited due to
horseshoes on an apparent wagon road.
See #75. Still needs major work.

Images: none yet:

Field notes: none yet:

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#33 Blue Ponds Canal


N 32.78070 W 109.77916
 to
N 32.78063 W 109.7760

Shorter disused historic pond routing canal is
likely a portion of Lower Frye Construct and
Freeman Canal. Includes concrete headgates
and equally obvious prehistoric fields.

Images:  bluepond1.jpg bluepond2.jpg bluepond3.jpg bluepond4.jpg bluepond5.jpg

Field notes: none yet:

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#34 Riggs Mesa
Braided Channels


N 32.77763 W 109.78729
 to 

N 32.77831 W 109.78694

Rather enigmatic channels might end up a
partial route between HS Canal and the Golf
Course Canal. Low quality. Unresolved.

Images: none yet

Field notes: none yet

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#35 Golf  Course 
Canal


N 32.79811 W 109.78286
 to 
N 32.79895 W 109.77587 

This major prehistoric canal serviced the
Daley Estates area and includes hanging
portions. Some routings do still remain
unverified but possible Robinson or are
Lower Frye related.

Images:  golf1map  gc1   gc2  golf3

Field Notes: none yet.

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#36 Twin
Artesian  Ponds


N 32.79956 W 109.78347
 and 
N 32.80264 W 109.78091

No obvious links to the nearby Golf Course
Canal, but are highly unlikely to have been
prehistorically ignored. Several other
candidates remain to the South.

Images: none yet

Field notes: none yet:

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#37 Robinson  Ranch  Canal


N 32.75997 W 109.81147
 to
N 32.79930 W 109.79027

A major hanging canal with a very strong
"down = up" illusion sources from the Lower
Frye Mesa ponding area. Washout damage.
Relation to Reay Canal not yet resolved.

Images: rob1 rob2 rob3

Field notes here.

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#38 Allen 
Canal


N 32.78237 W 109.83540
 to
N 32.83253 W 109.80507

This large prehistoric canal possibly includes
a Frye Watershed Crossing and a long natural
drainage. Includes an impressive Culebra Cut.
Final destination remains unknown. Likely in
the Central Dam area.

Images: allen0  allen1 culebra1 culebra2 

Field Notes :Earlier field notes here.

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#39 Allen  Dam  Failure


N 32.83324 W 109.79383

Back in its water skiing (!) days, this might
have been fed by the Allen Canal.  It failed
catastrophically long after the overflow was
purposely blocked.

Failure analysis GuruGram here.

More GuruGrams here.

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#40 Culebra  Cut


32.83567 W 109.79796
 to
N 32.83560 W 109.79841

Spectacularly large cut in the Allen Canal
below a historic dam. One of the four
largest known local hanging bajada
canal constructs. Others do include
the HS Canal and the Aqueduct.

Images:  culebra1.jpg  culebra2.jpg

Earlier Allen field notes here.
Dam failure docs here.

 

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#41 Ash  Creek
Feeder


N 32.79016 W 109.85478
 to 
N 32.79140 W 109.85388

The source for Mud Springs canal via proven
spectacular watershed crossing but not yet
totally explored. Possibly obliterated by
Tropical Storm Octave.

Images: none yet.

Earlier Mud Springs field note here.

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#42 Mud 
Springs  Canal


N 32.79016 W 109.85470
 to 
N 32.84801 W 109.81110

Long canal system branches to Jernigan, and
includes several hanging portions along with
a spectacular proven watershed crossing.

Plus a troll house and historic tank. Unknown  Destination  Possibly a prototype original as it
is entirety viewable from several locations.

Images:  mud1 mud2  mud4 troll1

Earlier Mud Spring field note here.

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#43 The Troll  House


N 32.82538 W 109.82281

A strange and enigmatic pithouse-like Mud
Mud Springs canal related structure lacks any evidence of charcoal use.

This is the only known example of this type,
but the Mud Springs Canal also includes an
unexplained strange historic style tank.  

Images: troll1.jpg

Earlier Mud Springs field note here. :

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#44 Mud  Jernigan  Branching


N 32.82756 W 109.81951

Apparent location of the beginning of the
Jernigan Canal, branching off of the Mud
Springs Canal. Hints of headgate rocks are
present. Portions remain unresolved. 

Images: mudjern1.jpg

Earlier Mud Springs field note here.

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#45 Mud  Springs  Tank


N 32.82766 W 109.81896

  An apparently historic construct would seem
to demand prehistoric Mud Springs Canal for
its water. May be related to a failed SCS dam.

A second similar tank does not appear to be
canal related at all. Remains unresolved.

Images: none yet.

Earlier Mud Springs field note here.

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#46 Jernigan   Canal


N 32.82765 W 109.81953
 to 
N 32.84131 W 109.81649

One of few canals that have an obvious
destination. Includes conspicuous hanging
portions and habitation sites. Three "U" turns.
Counter flows. Trees midstream. Portions still
remain unresolved.

Images:  jern1.jpg   jern20.jpg   jern21.jpg.
jern22.jpg  jern23.jpg jern24.jpg jern26.jpg
jern27.jpg   jern28.jpg   jern29.jpg jern30.jpg
jern31.jpg  mudjern1.jpg

Older field note here.

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#47 Lower Mud


N 32.80803 W 109.84448
 to
N 32.81882 W 109.84093

Aerial canal-like images appear to be field
verified as a historic two track. Has been
Largely discredited.

Images None.

Field Notes: None.

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#48 Smith Tank Canal


N 32.81870 W 109.84689
 to 
N 32.82055 W 109.84458

Likely has still unproven prehistoric original.
Possible but highly unproved extensions may
go as far as the Central Dump. Several other
significant resources are in the area.

Images:  smith1  smith2 smith3 
smith4  smith5

Field notes here.

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#49 Cluff  Southwest  Canal


N 32.81586 W 109.84971

Branches from the historic Smith Canal takein
on Ash Creek. Still unexplored. Likely short
and has a local field destination.

Images: none yet.

Field notes: none yet

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#50 Cluff  Northwest  Canal


N 32.81316 W 109.84890
 to 
N 32.83692 W109.84221
.

Strongly historically developed canal system
includes convincingly authentic prehistoric
reaches. A "Rosetta Stone" is present that
includes parallel historic and prehistoric
segments of differing sizes.

Images:  cluffnw1.jpg   cluffnw2.jpg
  cluffnw3.jpg cluffnw4.jpg cluffnw5.jpg
cluffnw6.jpg  cluffnw7.jpg  cluffnw8.jpg 

Field notes: cluffnw1fn.pdf

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#51 Minor  Webster  Ditch


N 32.79771 W 109.87296
 to 
N 32.81310 W 109.86638

   Historically redeveloped canal shows strong
evidence of unmodified prehistoric origins.
Somewhat paired with the Tugood Canal.

Images:  minor1  minor2   minor3

Older field notes: minorditch1fn.pdf.

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#52 Tugood  Canal


N 32.80923 W 109.87115
 to 
N 32.82100 W 109.86675

  Most impressively pristine of the known
hanging canals. Possibly a superb candidate.
for restoration.  Associated with Minor
Webster historically reworked Ditch.

Images: tugood1 tugood2a

Older field note: tugoodcan1fn.pdf.

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#53 Main  Lefthand  Complex


N 32.80850 W 109.91812
 to
N 32.81680 W 109.9187

Shorter canal segments primarily for end use.

Images:   lefthandfig4  lefthandfig7
lefthandfig8 lefthandfig9 lefthandfig10
lefthandfig11

Paper: lefthand.pdf

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#54 Lefthand  West  Canal


N 32.82077 W 109.91835
 to
N 32.82564 W 109.91851 

Prehistoric original adapted for historic field
reuse. Ends in a rectangular cardinal oriented field.

Images:  left1.jpg

Older Field Note: lefthcan1fn.pdf

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#55 North  Lefthand  Canal


N 32.83101W109.91453
 to
N 32.83366 W 109.91555

Yet to be verified aerial image. Access limited.
Possibly just a cowpath. Close to a corral.

Images: None yet. 

Field Notes: None yet.

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#56 Lamb  Tank  Canal


N 32.81196 W 109.92310
 to  
N 32.81445 W 109.92266

Difficult access. Additional study required.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes:: None yet.

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#57 Mystery  Reach


N 32.81793 W 109.90207
 to 
N 32.82478 W 109.90003

Once convincing aerial evidence field verified
more as a disused vehicle two track. Largely
discredited as being historic or modern.

Images: None yet. 

Field Notes: None yet.

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#58 Sand
Canal East 


N 32.81228 W 109.94784
 to
N 32.83533 W 109.92253

Ideal short tour prospect has nearly everything
including easy foot and vehicle access. May
be a prototype as east final channel size is
minuscule.

Mysterious historic "cluttering" with random
"stuff".  Tri branched with Sand Center and
Sand West. Has impressive hanging intake
portion. Fish sometimes present in creek.

Images:  sand1.jpg   sand4.jpg sand5.jpg
sand6.jpg  sand7.jpg sand8.jpg
sand9.jpg  sand_tree.jpg

Earlier Field Notes: here.

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#59 Nuttall 
Watershed


N 32.77537 W 109.9554
to
N 32.77963 W 109.9555 

Postulated fourth watershed crossing may add
to Sand Canal water sourcing. Unverified.

Newer Sand Canal takein discoveries render
this unlikely but it still is a weak candidate.

Images: None yet. 

Field Notes: None yet.

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#60 Bear Springs Canal


N 32.85049 W 109.94399
 to 
N 32.87226 W 109.925

Apparent scam huge historic canal from a
source that appears unlikely to have been
prehistorically ignored. The history part
needs resolved first as the present canal
seems much too large. Apparent source
is Bear Springs.

Images:  bearsprtopo60.jpg.

Field Notes:  bearspcn1fn.pdf.

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#61 The  Grids


Rectangular agave dry farming arrays. Many
thousands north of Gila river, a few dozens
to the south.

Apparently independent of the hanging canals.
Southern examples do include  N 32.79407 W 109.75261 and  N 32.78651 W 109.74354 .

Images: bestgrid.jpg

Definitive text here.

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#62 Klondyke
Bandelier


N 32.94641 W 109.91336
to
N 32.94391 W 109.91156

One early mention of area prehistoric canals
was made by Bandelier. This is likely to have
been revised to the historic Nevada Canal.

There is also an artesian lake derived canal
in the area from 32.93523 -109.94128 to
 32.94158 -109.92112 that saw some large
size development scam expansion.

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#63  UFO  Fish  Fillets


N 32.82298 W 109.96420
to
N 32.81202 W 109.97330

Highly unusual water spreaders are more
reminiscent of the CCC, but can also be of
prehistoric origin. Taylor Canal is also in
the area, which is well west of most of
the hanging canal examples.

Images ufooff.jpg  ufofish1.jpg

Field Notes: none yet.

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#64 P Ranch Canal


32.61611 W 109.72809
 to  
N 32.61817 W 109.72829

A portion of this mostly unverified aerial
image is a hard to find deep vee canal of
indeterminate age.  Prehistoric use of a
flowing Stockton Pass Wash would seem
rather likely.

Images: None yet. 

Field Notes: None yet.

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#65 Spear  Ranch  Work


N 32.83604 W 109.91427
  to 
N 32.83635 W 109.91454

Unchecked lead due to access restrictions
could just be a cowpath. Rather low priority.

Images: none yet.

Field Note: none yet.

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#66 Sand Canal  West


N 32.83442 W 109.92704
 to
N 32.83569 W 109.92665

Destinations of easily traced canal third
branch remain unknown. Drainage restricts
length. Strange evidence of historic reuse or
adaption by way of terra cota pipes.

Images:  sand40.jpg

Previous Field Note here.

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#67 Sand Center Canal


N 32.82950 W 109.92883
to
N 32.83234 W 109.92758

The Sand Canal splits into three pieces, none
of which have a clear cut destination and all
of which have steep end terrain restrictions.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet

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#68 Deadman East Canal


N 32.75362 W 109.78308
  to
N 32.75654 W 109.77687

 Spectacular knife edging along sequential
pinch points following the very top of a
ridge. Remains largely unexplored with
an unresolved destination.

Images: None Yet.

Field Notes: None Yet

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#69  Taylor Canal



N 32.81139 W 109.97740
  to 
N 32.81644 W 109.97293

 Adjacent to the UFO Fish Fillets. This is
smaller and of lesser quality workmanship.
Ponds may have been possible destinations.
Well west of the main bajada canal areas.

Images:  ufo2.jpg.

Field Notes: none yet

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#70 Lower  Frye  Construct


N 32.76601 W 109.79410
 to 
N 32.76824 W 109.79178

Presumed to be a crucial part of the HS canal,
the Blue Ponds Canal, and the Freeman Canal.

Extensive study needed. Significant hanging
portions. Lower Frye routings still unknown.

Images:  frye100.jpg 
frye101.jpg  frye102.jpg frye103.jpg
frye104.jpg   frye106.jpg  frye108.jpg
 
frye109.jpg

Field Notes: here

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#71 Klondyke Canal


32.93523 -109.94128
  to 
32.94158 -109.92112

Dried up artesian lake may have had some
prehistoric potential. There are definite signs
of historic expansion and reuse as part of a
real estate scam. The size was expanded
well beyond the apparent flow rate.

Images: band2.jpg  band4.jpg.

Field Notes: none yet.:

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#72 Canal  Near  the
UFO  Fillets


32.81428 -109.96678
 to 
32.81536 -109.96618

Short canal previously studied by Dr. Neely.
Location is only approximate.

Images: none yet.

Field Notes: none yet.

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#73 Hog Canyon Canal


N 32.55346 W 109.76465
to
N 32.55405 W 109.76417

Still unexplored aerial hint might be the south
eastern most of the prehistoric canals. Is in the
Jernigan Ranch area. Only a quarter mile long.

Images: None yet

Field Notes: None yet

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#74 Grant  Creek
Canal


N 2.59825 -109.96483
 to 
W 32.58887 -109.96758

South of Mount Graham historic canal may
or may not have had prehistoric origins.
More study is clearly needed.

Images: None yet. 

Field Notes: None yet.

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#75 Lower  Frye  Extension


N 32.77325 -109.78377
 to 
W 32.77428 -109.78270

Required but yet unfound link between Frye Complex, Blue Ponds Canal, and the Freeman Canal. One hint of a possible location can be found here.

Images: none to date. 

Field notes: none to date

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#76 Tailwater  Canal


32.83987 -109.91578
 to
32.84067 -109.91407

Downgraded - likely historic orchard overflow.

Images: none yet.

Field Notes: none yet

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#77 Artesian
Canal One 


N 32.75288 W 109.72043 
to  
32.76247 -109.71188

Flowing historic canal in strong artesian area 
likely to have also seen some prehistoric use.
Possibly associated with Tranquility Canal.

Images: artes1b

Field Notes: none yet.

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#78 Artesian
Canal Two


N 32.75284 W 109.72061
to
N 32.75554 W 109.72019

Flowing historic canal in strong artesian area 
likely to also have seen some prehistoric use.
Associated and paired with Artesian 1.

Images: None yet

Field Notes: None yet

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#79 Lopez Area

near N 32.82358 W 109.76185 

Possible aerial images verified as bulldozer
tracks or modern constructs. Discredited.

Images: None yet. 

Field Notes: None yet

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#80 Reay Canal


N 32.80624 W 109.77623
 to 
N 32.82228 W 109.77295

The Reay Canal appears endangered as it is
about to become a housing development.  It
is among the northernmost of all the hanging
bajada Canals.

This is a credible but still unproven destination
for the only partially resolved Golf Course
Canal. It might also be Robinson Canal
destination related.

Images:   reay2a.jpg  reay3.jpg   reay5.jpg.

Field Notes: reaycan1fn.pdf.

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#81 Mid Lebanon


N 32.74749 W 109.74169
to
N 32.74836 W 109.7410

A modern canal that might be overlaying the
Twin B East prehistoric canal mid route.
Further study needed.

Images: none yet.

Field Notes: none yet.

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#82 Lower  Rincon


Near 32.77355 -109.74263
 to
32.77360 -109.74166

A credible feeder to unproven Discovery Park
or as an an alternate of Twin B West sources.
Needs further study.

Images: none yet.

Field Notes: none yet.

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#83 Deep
Vee Mystery

 
Near 32.81888 -109.76930

 Possibly associated with Reay Canal. A rather
deep Vee routing having no obvious source or destination, but credibly prehistoric looking.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: none yet.

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#84 Spare


Awaiting reassignment
.

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#85 Thunderbird Rework

 
Near 32.74368 W 109.73226

A branch of the Thunderbird Canal fork of
Henry's Canal that saw major concrete work
Prehistoric "hidden" reaches are further east.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet

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#86 Integrated  Supercanal


N 32.82141 -109.76650
 to 
32.82376 -109.76307
 etc...

A credible but still unproven multi source,
multi destination fully integrated system that
combines an Upper Frye watershed diversion,
Spring Canyon, Allen Canal,  the Upper Frye
Complex,  Robinson,  Reay,  the HS Canal, a
historical pipeline, the Riggs Braidings, Golf
Course,  Lower Frye Construct,  Blue Ponds,
and Freeman Canals.

All merged into one single managed entity
of uniquely spectacular engineering. The
concept was first introduced here.

Images: See other entries.

Field Notes: See other entries.

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#87 Cottontail Artesian


Near N 32.76061 W 109.72073

An artesian sourced canal still flowing in
modern and historic use. Is likely to have
prehistoric origins. In association with the
Tranquility and the Twin Artesian Canals.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: none yet.

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#88 Lower  Frye  Pipeline


N 32.73659 W 109.81417
 to 
N 32.77724 W 109.78490

Possibly overlies a yet undiscovered part
of the Golf Course Canal.  Believed to be
a reasonable route although still unproven.
A similar overlay is found on the Deadman
Canal takein route at...

N 32.73659 W 109.81417
 to 
N 32.74504 W 109.80667.

Images: None yet.

Earlier Field Notes here.

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#89 Stone Work


N 32.79096 W 109.76437

An isolated, mid-sized southern rectangular
rock outlined field somewhat similar to the
northern grids. There are many mulch rings
to the south.  Freeman Canal is nearby.

Images: None Yet

Field Notes: None Yet

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#90 San  Jose Riverine


N 32.84481 W 109.56027
 to 
N 32.84651 W 109.55463

An obvious riverine canal of larger size and
lower engineering standards. Appears to have
a modest hanging portion.  Included here as a
typical sample reference. Not bajada oriented.

Images: sanjr1.jpg,  sanjo2.jpg,

Field notes: none to date.

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#91 New  Jernigan  Finds


North Find: N 32.84272 W 109.81403 to
N 32.84172 W 109.81426

South Find: N 32.82977 W 109.81864 to 
N 32.83674 W 109.81506

Newly discovered portions of the Jernigan
Canal. Small reach is still undocumented at

N 32.84154 W 109.81256 to
N 32.84278 W 109.81362

Images: jern1.jpg   jern20.jpg jern21.jpg.
jern22.jpg  jern23.jpg   jern24.jpg   jern26.jpg
jern27.jpg  jern28.jpg   jern29.jpg jern30.jpg
jern31.jpg   mudjern1.jpg

Older field note here.

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#92 Freeman  Fields


N 32.78087 W 109.77840

Mid-route prehistoric use fields associated
with the historic Blue Ponds portion of the
Freeman Canal.

Images: bluepond5.jpg

Temporary field note: here.

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#93 Tripp Canyon


N 32.80609 W 110.04990
 to N
32.81577 W 110.02245

Westernmost of the known canals. Begins in
Tripp Canyon and is believed to watershed
cross into Tunnel Canyon ponds.  Largely
unexplored. Smaller and lower quality.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes:: None Yet.

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#94 Levada Hanging Canals


32.7607° N, 16.9595° W

Known examples of any world class hanging
canals do seem to be few and far between. No
others of this size and scope are known in the
US Southwest.

Some obvious 14th century historic examples
can be found in the Levadas of Maderia in the Canary Islands. BTW, the Canary Islands were named after a large dog.

Images: levita.jpg

Field notes: not yet available.

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#95 Sunny Flat Canal


N 32.90454 W 109.86910

One of the very few local historic canals that
may or may not have been modified from a prehistoric original. Seven mile long entry
featured a long and tall corrugated tin and
tar flume, a siphon, a small tunnel, wooden
braces, and a mysterious "inverted" silo.

Only lasted three years in the 1920's. But
never had fully legal contracted water.

Images: sunnycantun.jpg

Field notes: not yet available.

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#96 Aravaipa
Canals?


N 32.64517 W 110.15639

There are many cultural resources in the
Aravaiipa Creek area, and bajada canals
are now known to nearly completely
surround Mt. Graham.

One  reasonable question to ask might be
if there were  prehistoric  canal resources
in the Aravaiipa area. The above resource
seems to be a historic riverine style canal
that remains unverified and unchecked.
Prehistoric origins remain unclear.

Images: none.

Field notes: rsgateac1 rsgateac2

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#97 Main Jennings


N 32.72175 W 109.76342
 to
N 32.73728 W 109.74218

Obviously trashed modern rebuild of an
earlier prehistoric original includes small
channels with concrete rework. Parts are
easily traced. Artesian sourced.

Images: jenn1 jenn2 jenn3 jenn4.

Field Notes: Not yet.

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#98 Jennings Leads


N 32.74289 W 109.69074
and
N 32.74294 W 109.69044

Acme Mapper reveals a pair of possible
linear features that  may  or may not be
Jennings Canal related. While presently
unexplored, they are possibly natural.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet.

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#99 Jennings West


N 32.72175 W 109.76342
 to
N 32.73728 W 109.74218

Area residents report a second hanging
artesian canal along the eastern mesa
edge. This has yet to be verified, but
should be significant. Artesian.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes:: None yet

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#100 Jennings Hint


N 32.72175 W 109.76342
 to
N 32.73728 W 109.74218

Area residents report a short canal that is
likely to precede the historically reworked
main Jennings Canal. Presently unverified.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet.

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#101 Smith Canal Extension


N 32.81975 W 109.84115
to
N 32.82363 W 109.8392

There are tantalizing hints of an extension
to the Smith Canal going all the way to the
pond at the Central Dump.   Although short
segments do seem fairly convincing,  much
of the route remains dubious and still lacks
proof. Only the start of the extension route
is shown above. Routing seems favorable
but long reaches are unproven.

Images:  None Yet

Field Notes: None Yet

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#102 Henry Fields


near N 32.74322 W 109.72806

Well preserved and major field destination for
Henry's Canal  does include its own parallel
canal delivery distribution area. A designated prehistoric site.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet.

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#103 Discovery Park Destination

near N 32.79900 W 109.71964

If the Discovery Park Canal turns out to be
verified, a possible destination might be
this modern ponding area.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet.

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#104 Short Rincon Canal?


Near N 32.77173 W 109.74140

Short canal segment seems temporarily "lost"
but might be part of a possible Discovery Park
Canal. Location shown is only approximate.

Images: None Yet.

Field Notes: None yet.

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#105 Mid Smith Canal


N 32.83230 W 109.82637
to
N 32.83438 W 109.82461

If the Smith Canal extension to the Central
Dump was real,  chances are it would have
to route by way of this prehistoric-historic-
modern triple rework that appears possible.

Evidence remains unverified to date.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet.

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#106 Twin East Feed

 
32.76137 W 109.73476
to
N 32.76604 W 109.73587

One of two canals feeding the twin B ponding
area. Runs under the Lebanon Cemetery. Has
a very distinctive aerial image.  Portions do
remain unknown  possibly  due to historic
development, but are likely to ultimately be
Marijilda sourced.

Images: None yet.. 

Field Notes: None Yet

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#107 East Central
Dump


N 32.83914 W 109.81861 to
N 32.84359 W 109.81751

  A mix of intriguing but short east and west
segments that suggest an extension of the Smith
Canal might have been a major prehistoric canal, possibly ending in the Central Dump lake.

Evidence remains frustratingly weak with huge
missing parts. Strong cultural resources can be
found in the immediate area.

Images: None Yet
Field Notes: None Yet.

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#108 Quail
Canal


N 32.71217 W 109.69218
to
N 32.
N32.72070 W 109.67999

Artesian historic canal seems to be abandoned
or dried up.  Southeastern most of the known
artesian group. Posted private property. Not
yet fully explored. Slightly more than one
mile long. Ends in medium sized lake.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet.

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#109 Tripp Canal Extension


N 32.81229 W 110.04576
to N
32.81593 W 110.02228

The Tripp Canal is easily traced along the
road by following the aerial images. While
still unproven and unexplored, this appears
to be a longer  canal  that has a watershed
crossing and possibly ending in a pair of
ponds well north in Tunnel Canyon..

Images: None yet.: 

Field Notes: None yet,

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#110 West
Central Dump


N 32.84534 W 109.81915
to
N 32.84692 W 109.81857

A second and parallel (?) hint of the Smith
Canal Extension. Possibly reaching as far
as the Central Dump lake. While short
reaches seem barely credible, huge
gaps still need resolved.

Some decorative pot sherds are rarely
in direct canal association.

Images: None yet

Field Notes: None yet

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#111 Layton Canal


N 32.83534 W 109.82112
to
N 32.83550 W 109.82051

A few dozen isolated feet of "it sure looks
like a prehistoric canal" just off West Layton
Road which seems to lack any reasonable
source or destination.

Known Jernigan and possible Smith Canyon
Canal extensions are in the area. A waterbar?

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet

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#112 Rock Wall Grouping


N 32.79397 W 109.75280
to
N 32.79440 W 109.75223

A group of a dozen Southern dry farming
walls and grids whose association with the
canals and relative ages remain unknown.
There are only dozens of Southern grids
compared to the  tens  of thousands of
those found North of the Gila River.

Images: None yet.

Field Notes: None yet.


Our present bajada hanging canal docs appear on Researchgate, on our website, and elsewhere. This above list is currently only preliminary and woefully incomplete. Availability of new field notes are often announced here.



Preliminary
Field  Notes

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Allen Canal Bear Springs Canal
Cluffnw Canal Deadman Canal
Freeman Canal Frye Complex
Henry Canal Jernigan Canal
Lefthand Canal Longview Area
Lower Frye Construct Minor Webster
Mud Springs Canal Reay Canal
Riggs Mesa Robinson Canal
Sand Canal Smith Canal
TB Ponding Area Tranquility Canal
Tugood Canal Veech Canal

Many dozens of these canal field notes still remain pending or else sorely in need of major updates. Your help requested.

Prime Photo Gallery
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  You can click expand these for more detail.
   The complete image gallery can be found here.

Discovery Timeline
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Many of our bajada hanging canal discoveries first appeared in our timeline of ongoing yearly blogs....


Some  Useful
Resources

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Academia Acme Mapper Topos
Allen Dam Failure AZ GIS Land Owners
AZ Place Names Arizona State Museum
AZ Stream Gauges AZ Water Atlas III
Bird Watching BLM Agency
CNF Agency Discovery Park
Fewkes 1897 Report Gila Valley Dayhikes
Gila Val Hiking Club Gila Watershed Parts
Google Maps GPS Format Convert
Guru's Lair Graham County Birds
Graham County Dams Graham County Lakes
Graham Hist Soc Graham Minerals
Graham County Peaks Graham Place Names
Historic USGS Maps Hodge's Arizona
Highway Mileposts >Hiking Clubs
Hinton's AZ Handbook Hot Springs Directory
Magic Sinewaves Mine & Mineral Data
Little Known Dayhikes More Website Links
More Fossil Stuff Multipurp Trail Map
Nat Arches & Bridges One Each of All
Prehistoric Ag Paper >Research Gate
Reay Wetland Birds Safford Water
Safford Paleontology San Carlos Minerals
San Simon Fossils USFS Fire Lookouts
Walnut Dam Disaster Wikipedia Hanging
Wilderness Net Zeolite Paper
Zoom Earth ----


Other Dr. Neely
Publications

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Ancient Hanging Canals Archaic Paleo Wells
Calcified Microbial Mat Drop-tower Gristmills
Debate Oaxaca Prehisty Deh Luran Husbandry
Friable Iran Pigment Gila Canals Paper
Hohokam Canal Irrigat Intrus anurian Pithouses
Iran Settlement Patterns Lefthand Canyon Paper
Mesoamerican Irrigation Monte Alban Survey
Preservation Arch Purron Dam Paper
Radiocarbon Sediments Safford Ag Fields
Safford Bajada Canals Safford Basin Canals
Safford Dry Farming Safford Valley Grids
Tecoatles Paper Tracking Safford Basin
Xosocotlan Piedmont ---

be found here. And is authored here.

Your  Involvement
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You are invited to participate in this new world class bajada hanging canal research. Specific needs are for GPS literate gonzo hikers and ATV enthusiasts, live video drone operators, and a KML specialist. And perhaps a sedimentologist or climatologist or hydrologist or nearly any other utterly arcane specialist. Plus, of course, cash in small bills.

You are welcome to support us by participating in our eBay offerings

Ongoing current goals are to improve and complete the field notes, produce one or more additional videos, dramatically update and upgrade "flyable" mapping, and convince "them" to set up significant ongoing field schools. Or simply to pick up new hiking partners. Or individuals we can mentor. Please send results to don@tinaja.com or (928) 428-4073. More details on some of these here or via email.

We Need Your Help
On These Projects  

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Allen Off Mesa
32.82088 -109.80470
Allen Destination
32.83309 -109.80482
Ash Creek Source
32.78602 -109.85499
Deadman East
32.75574 -109.77915
Discovery Park
32.78602 -109.85499
Frye Middle
32.75075 -109.83780
Frye Pipeline
32.76889 -109.79317
Frye Watershed
32.74526 -109.83888
Golf Course Mid
32.80432 -109.77849
Grant Creek
32.59249 -109.96686
Henry's Source
32.73713 -109.74231
Hog Canyon
32.59323 -109.95044
Jernigan Gaps
32.84140 -109.81260
Lamb Tank Canal
32.81368 -109.92292
Middle Freeman
32.76971 -109.79022
Minor Webster
32.80758 -109.86857
Mud Springs Gap
32.79170 -109.85312
Mud Springs Dest
32.84785 -109.81104
Spear Ranch Area
32.83613 -109.91437
Stockton Wash
32.61429 -109.72799
Taylor Canyon
32.81620 -109.97316
Tripp Canyon
32.81133 -110.04680
Tugood North
32.82087 -109.86675
Tugood South
32.80923 -109.87116
Veech Canyon
32.64279 -109.74278
---  

 

The above bajada hike projects could greatly assist the world class research on our hanging canals. Typical total and return lengths are one to three miles, often in very difficult or brushy terrain. Needed are field verification, drone work, photos, and GPS.

Arizona Pinstriping on your vehicle is a must.