%!PS % Gonzo PS Powerpoint emulation example: Graham Tram paper % ========================================== % by Don Lancaster % Copyright c 2002 by Don Lancaster & Synergetics, Box 809, Thatcher, AZ, 85552 % (928) 428-4073 Email: don@tinaja.com Website: http://www.tinaja.com % Consulting services available http://www.tinaja.com/info01.html % Linking welcome. Reposting expressly forbidden. % All commercial rights and all electronic media rights ~fully~ reserved. % Linking usually welcome. Reposting expressly forbidden. Version 1.1 % Shows how most PowerPoint functions can be created from raw PostScript % with significant speed, size, appearance, and web distribution advantages. % To use, modify features and content as desired, resave as a standard ASCII % textfile to a new name and send to Acrobat Distiller to generate a PDF file. % IMPORTANT NOTE: Don Lancaster's file gonzo.ps is required for this program. % After obvious location mods, uncomment ONE of the following two lines: (C:\\Documents and Settings\\don\\Desktop\\gonzo\\gonzo.ps) run % use internal gonzo % (A:\\gonzo.ps) run % use external gonzo % NOTE THAT ALL PS FILENAME STRINGS !!!DEMAND!!! DOUBLE REVERSE SLASHES. % GONZO20A Guru Gonzo PostScript power tools (Interim release) % Includes gonzo justification and layout utilities. % Copyright c 1990, 1996, 2001 by Don Lancaster and Synergetics, Box 809, % Thatcher Arizona, 5552 (928) 428-4073 don@tinaja.com support % via http://www.tinaja.com All commercial rights and all electronic % media rights **FULLY** reserved. Reposting is expressly forbidden. /guru { gonzo begin ps.util.1 begin printerror nuisance begin} def % guru % activate gonzo utilities %%%%%%%%%%% links menu directory %%%%%%%%%%%% % This code locks pdfmark commands out of a PostScript printer. /pdfmark where {pop}{userdict /pdfmark /cleartomark load put} ifelse % /surl "start url" marks the beginning of a text sequence to be urled. % It also paints the text blue... /surl {mark /blue cvx 0.33 /setgray cvx % change text to blue /currentpoint cvx % remember box start /urly /exch cvx /store cvx /urlx /exch cvx /store cvx ] cvx % complete deferred command printlist exch 3 index exch put % stuff into gonzo printlist exch 1 add exch % increment gonzo list count } def /su {font3 surl} def % shorthand % /eurl "end url" unmarks the end of a text sequence and sets up % the pdfmark needed to define the Acrobat web link. /eurl {mark % start deferred proc exch % position url string % /black cvx 0 /setgray cvx % turn blue marker off % maintextcolor /setrgbcolor cvx % reset to main text color??? /aqua cvx /black cvx /makeurl cvx % defer call of url builder ] cvx % complete deferred proc printlist exch 3 index exch % stuff into gonzo printlist put exch 1 add exch % increment gonzo list count } def % /makeurl generates the pdfmark, receiving a {(urlstring) makeurl}. % Note that it is not called until formatted printlist time... /urlover 0.2 def % fraction of hot area over bounds /makeurl { /cururlname exch store % save the url string mark % start pdfmark currentfont /ScaleMatrix get 3 get /fsize exch store % guess height /Rect [ urlx fsize urlover mul sub % set box left x urly fsize urlover mul sub % set box left y currentpoint exch fsize urlover mul add exch fsize add ] /Border [ 0 0 0] % [0 0 0 ] = none; [0 0 2] = debug /Color [ .7 0 0 ] /Action <> /Subtype /Link /ANN % annotation type pdfmark % call pdf operators } def % /makeurlx generates the box specific pdfmark, receiving % a {(urlstring) makeurl}. % Note that it is not called until formatted printlist time... /makeurlx { /cururlnamex exch store % save the url string mark % start pdfmark /Rect [ xpos % set box left x ypos 0.9 sub % set box left y xpos 2.8 add % box right x ypos 0.9 sub 2.8 add % box right y ] /Border [ 0 0 0] % [0 0 0 ] = none; [0 0 2] = debug /Color [ .7 0 0 ] /Action <> /Subtype /Link /ANN % annotation type pdfmark % call pdf operators } def % dictionary method << %zzzzz /decade (http://www.tinaja.com/whtnu06.asp#decades) /loanamort (http://www.hsh.com/cgi-bin/flap.cgi?prin=10000&int=9.00&term=8&strt=Jan&stry=2008&full=No&ppay) /muse153.pdf (http://www.tinaja.com/glib/muse153.pdf) /trashelc.pdf (http://www.tinaja.com/glib/trashelc.pdf) /energfun.pdf (http://www.tinaja.com/glib/energfun.pdf) /morenrgf.pdf (http://www.tinaja.com/glib/morenrgf.pdf) /whtnu08.asp (http://www.tinaja.com/whtnu08.asp) /info01.asp (http://www.tinaja.com/info01.asp) /mindist1 (http://www.tinaja.com/glib/mindist1.pdf) /magsn01 (http://www.tinaja.com/magsn01.asp) /msinprop (http://www.tinaja.com/glib/msinprop.pdf) /info01 (http://www.tinaja.com/info01.asp) /homepage (http://www.tinaja.com) /maildon (mailto:don@tinaja.com) >> {mark exch /eurl cvx ] cvx def} forall % color emphasis /tinton1 {mark 0.25 0.25 0.25 /setrgbcolor cvx] cvx printlist exch 3 index exch put exch 1 add exch} def /tinton1a {mark 0.5 /settint cvx 0.33 /setgray cvx] cvx printlist exch 3 index exch put exch 1 add exch} def /tinton1r {mark 0 /settint cvx 0.33 /setgray cvx] cvx printlist exch 3 index exch put exch 1 add exch} def /tintoff {mark 0 /setgray cvx] cvx printlist exch 3 index exch put exch 1 add exch} def /to {tinton1 font3} store % tinton emphasis /tx {tintoff font1} store % tintoff /staytint {0.25 0.25 0.25 setrgbcolor} store % grayout /staytint1r {0 settint 0.25 setgray} store % red /staytint1a {0.5 settint 0.33 setgray} store % aqua %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%% parameter dictionary %%%%%% /slideshowdict << % this dictionary determines the slide sequence /oldsequence [ /an_introduction_to_magic_sinewaves /magic_sinewaves_are /magic_sinewave_features /and_limitations /magic_sinewave_appearance /working_in_quadrants /typical_unfiltered_spectrum /typical_unfiltered_spectrum_FLASH /magic_sinewave_generation /note_that /two_important_magsine_types /key_magsine_secret_I /key_magsine_secret_II /key_magsine_secret_III /fourier_pulse_properties /the_magic_equations /equation_simplification /equation_solution % /amplitude_adjustment % deleted by new calculator /quantization /clocking_frequencies /how_big_should_n_be /for_additional_help /this_has_been ] pop pop %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /gridsize 10 store % default layout grid size = 10 /slidewide 44 pop 50 % total display width in grid units /slidehigh 33 pop 40 % total display height /borderwide 2.5 % width of white vertical edges /borderhigh 2.5 % width of white horizontal edges /includeborder false % provide white border? /normalbackground /burpbackmain % name of main background proc /introbackground /burpbackintro % name of intro background proc /fontsused /burpfonts % name of font set used /patstrings /burppatstrings % name of patterns used /titx 6 % x grid position of title /tity 28.75 9 add % y grid position of title /bodx 6 pop 8 % x grid position of body /body 28 % y grid position of body /ivoryrndcolor [230 230 205 40] % random pattern colors [red blue green variance ] /magentarndcolor [230 100 230 120] /magentaaccent [0.65 0.05 0.65 ] % title accent slash color [red blue green] >> def slideshowdict begin % open slide show dictionary %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% style catalogs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % burp is a mottled gray body with random magenta splotch and stripe /burpfonts { /cstretch 0.010 store /sstretch 0.010 store /kern 0.1 store /font0 /StoneSans-Bold 1.8 gonzofont % body titles /font1 /StoneSerif 1.35 gonzofont % normal body /font2 /StoneSerif-Bold 1.20 gonzofont % boxed subseries /font3 /StoneSerif-Bold 1.35 gonzofont % bold body /font4 /StoneSerif-Bold 1.25 gonzofont % smaller font3 for numerals /font5 /StoneSerif-Bold 1.85 gonzofont % oversize for math /font6 /StoneSans-Bold 2.8 gonzofont % titleslide oversize /font8 /StoneSerif-Bold 1 gonzofont % fine print copyright /font9 /ZapfDingbats 1.05 gonzofont % black boxes /font: /StoneSerif-Bold [2 0 0 2 0 -.5] gonzofont % special math * /font; /StoneSerif-Bold [1.4 0 0 1.4 0 .9] gonzofont % fake degrees * /titlefont {font0 }store % define title font /bodyfont {font1} store % defint body font /bodysubfont {font2}store % define bodysubfont /bodytxwide {/txtwide 35.5 store}store /bodyyinc {/yinc 2 store} store } store /burpbackmain { includeborder {borderwide 10 mul borderhigh 10 mul}{0 0} ifelse gridsize setgrid % set grid scale save /snap1 exch store % show the body background bodypatdict matrix % Identity matrix makepattern % Instantiate the pattern /bodypat exch def 0 0 % for the actual slide size slidewide slidehigh /Pattern setcolorspace bodypat setcolor rectfill % Fill rectangle with pattern snap1 restore save /snap1 exch store % show the accent accentpatdict matrix % Identity matrix makepattern % Instantiate the pattern /accentpat exch def 0 slidehigh 13.5 sub 5.5 add % splotch size 4.5 13.5 /Pattern setcolorspace accentpat setcolor rectfill % Fill rectangle with pattern snap1 restore % black outline black line1 0 0 slidewide slidehigh 0.0 setgray rectstroke % Stroke original black outline % accent lines gsave magentaaccent aload pop setrgbcolor 0.7 setlinewidth 1 setlinecap 2 27.5 8.5 add mt slidewide 4.5 sub r % 0 setlinecap 0 27.5 mt 3 r 0.45 setlinewidth 1 setlinecap slidewide 13 sub 2.5 mt 12 r % slidewide 2.5 mt 0 setlinecap 2 l grestore fontsused cvx exec % set fonts for normal slide by name } store /burpbackintro { includeborder {borderwide 10 mul borderhigh 10 mul}{0 0} ifelse gridsize setgrid % set grid scale save /snap1 exch store % show the body background bodypatdict matrix % Identity matrix makepattern % Instantiate the pattern /bodypat exch def 0 0 % for the actual slide size slidewide slidehigh /Pattern setcolorspace bodypat setcolor rectfill % Fill rectangle with pattern snap1 restore save /snap1 exch store % show the accent accentpatdict matrix % Identity matrix makepattern % Instantiate the pattern /accentpat exch def 5.5 16.5 33 6 add 12 /Pattern setcolorspace accentpat setcolor rectfill % Fill rectangle with pattern snap1 restore % black outline black line1 0 0 slidewide slidehigh 0.0 setgray rectstroke % Stroke original black outline % accent lines gsave magentaaccent aload pop setrgbcolor 0.35 setlinewidth 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin /overshoot 1.2 store % 5.5 16.5 0.8 sub mt 13.6 pu -.8 -.8 rlineto 34.6 6 add pr % -.8 .8 rlineto 13.6 pd .8 .8 rlineto 34.6 6 add pl closepath stroke 5.5 16.5 overshoot sub mt 12 overshoot 2 mul add pu overshoot neg dup rlineto 33 6 add overshoot 2 mul add pr overshoot neg overshoot rlineto 12 overshoot 2 mul add pd overshoot dup rlineto 33 6 add overshoot 2 mul add pl closepath stroke 0.35 setlinewidth 1 setlinecap 1 setlinejoin 0 3 mt 12 pr 3 pr 1.4 pu 20 pr 2.8 pd 20 pl 1.4 pu 1.4 pd 20 pr 1.4 pu 12 pr 3 pr stroke grestore fontsused cvx exec % set fonts for normal slide by name } store /burppatstrings { ivoryrndcolor buildpixels makeimagestring /bodypatstring exch store magentarndcolor buildpixels makeimagestring /accentpatstring exch store } store %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% pattern utilities %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /DeviceRGB setcolorspace % pick color model /hpixels 50 store % size of pattern image /vpixels 50 store /issize hpixels vpixels mul store % makestring converts a stack top array into a string... /makestring {dup length string dup /NullEncode filter 3 -1 roll {1 index exch write} forall pop} def % /buildpixels makes three nearby colors given [r b g texture] all 0-255 integers /buildpixels {aload pop /texture exch store /b0 exch store /g0 exch store /r0 exch store 123 srand /r1 r0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store /g1 g0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store /b1 b0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store /r2 r0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store /g2 g0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store /b2 b0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store /r3 r0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store /g3 g0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store /b3 b0 texture random texture 2 div sub add cvi dup 255 ge {pop 255}if dup 0 lt {pop 0} if store } store % /makeimagestring creates a sting usable for a pattern image /makeimagestring { 12345 srand % make repeatable /iarray mark issize { r1 g1 b1} repeat ] store % fill all with color 1 issize 2 div cvi { iarray issize % fill half with color 2 random 3 mul cvi [ r2 g2 b2 ] putinterval} repeat issize 2 div cvi { iarray issize % fill third with color 3 random 3 mul cvi [ r3 g3 b3 ] putinterval} repeat iarray makestring } store % /rndimage shows the random string as a patternable image /bodyrandimage { gsave 5 dup scale << % start image dicationary /ImageType 1 % always one /Width hpixels % width in pixels /Height vpixels % height in pixels /ImageMatrix [hpixels 0 0 vpixels neg 0 vpixels ] /DataSource bodypatstring % proc to get string data /BitsPerComponent 8 % color resolution /Decode [0 1 0 1 0 1] % per red book 4.10 >> image % call the image grestore } def /accentrandimage { gsave 5 dup scale << % start image dicationary /ImageType 1 % always one /Width hpixels % width in pixels /Height vpixels % height in pixels /ImageMatrix [hpixels 0 0 vpixels neg 0 vpixels ] /DataSource accentpatstring % proc to get string data /BitsPerComponent 8 % color resolution /Decode [0 1 0 1 0 1] % per red book 4.10 >> image % call the image grestore } def % using a separate pattern dictionary for each pattern... /bodypatdict << /PatternType 1 % Tiling pattern /PaintType 1 % Colored /TilingType 1 /BBox [0 0 50 50] /XStep 5 /YStep 5 /PaintProc { begin bodyrandimage end} >> store /accentpatdict << /PatternType 1 % Tiling pattern /PaintType 1 % Colored /TilingType 1 /BBox [0 0 50 50] /XStep 5 /YStep 5 /PaintProc { begin accentrandimage end} >> store % /makepatternstrings generates the needed patterns /makepatternstrings { [230 210 190 80] buildpixels makeimagestring /accentpatstring exch store [230 100 230 120] buildpixels makeimagestring /bodypatstring exch store } store %%%%%%%% end pattern utils %%%%%%%% %%%%%%% service utilities %%%%% /makeslideshow {setupshow sequence { save /snapxx exch store cvx exec showpage snapxx restore} forall } store /settitle { titlefont gsave 0.25 0.25 0.25 setrgbcolor titx exch tity exch cl grestore} store /setbody { bodyfont bodytxwide bodyyinc bodx exch body exch cl} store % /setupshow first locks out pdfmark from a printer, then sets % the page mode. /setupshow { /pdfmark where {pop}{userdict /pdfmark /cleartomark load put} ifelse [/CropBox [0 0 slidewide includeborder {borderwide 2 mul add} if gridsize mul slidehigh includeborder {borderhigh 2 mul add} if gridsize mul ] % set the wierd size /PAGES pdfmark [ {Catalog} << /ViewerPreferences << /FitWindow true /CenterWindow true >> /PageLayout /SinglePage % no rolling /Pagemode /FullScreen % fullscreen if not on web /View [/XYZ null null 1 ] % force 100% >> /PUT pdfmark % then makes background pattern strings ONCE for later access patstrings cvx exec % get patterns from style area } def %%%%%% background generators %%%%%%%% /setbackground { normalbackground cvx exec } store % link selected background /settitlebackground { introbackground cvx exec } store % xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx marker %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Main Sequence Directory %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /sequence [ /Energy_Intro /True_False_1 /True_False_2 /True_False_3 /Gotcha! /Some_People_I /Some_People_II /Work_is /BTU_is /Temperature_quality /Delivery_Costs /Amortization /Net_Source /Thermo_Guarantees /Gasoline_vs_Dollars /Two_Position_Switch /Energy_Density /NRG_Density_List /Which_Density? /Why_Gasoline? /Why_not_Ethanol? /Why_not_Hydrogen? /Efficiency /All_you_Need /More_Formally /Beware_the_Mantra /Exergy_I /Exergy_II /Key_Point /Other_Problems /On_Board /On_Board_Summary /Fuel_Cells /Which_Subsidy_I /Which_Subsidy_II /Rooftop % /PV_Intro /For_More_Detail /This_has_been ] store %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%% individual slide data %%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% /Energy_Intro { settitlebackground 1 1 1 setrgbcolor /yinc 3 store slidewide 2 div 23 (|6An Energy Fundamentals\nIntro and Summary|j|j) cc 0.25 0.25 0.25 setrgbcolor /yinc 2 store slidewide 2 div 11 (|3By Don Lancaster \nand Synergetics) cc slidewide 2 div 2.65 (|4 |/su http://www.tinaja.com|/homepage |j|j|j) cc } store /True_False_1 { setbackground (True or False? (I)) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|9n|4 Gasoline has less hydrogen in it than liquid |j hydrogen does. |h |t|9n|4 Fuel cell cars are "much more efficient" than regular ones. |h |t|9n|4 Silicon pv panels are a net energy source. |h |t|9n|4 On-board car electrolysis dramatically improves fuel economy. |h |t|9n|4 Exergy is not important because you have never |j heard of it. |h |t|9n|4 Corn is an excellent ethanol feedstock. |h |t|9n|4 Grid, wind, pv or alternators are all very good hydrogen electrolysis sources. ) setbody } store /True_False_2 { setbackground (True or False? (II)) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|9n|4 Amortization dollars and kilowatt hours of electrical production are unrelated. |h |t|9n|4 An electrical kilowatt|j|jhour will have the same quality and value as a hydrogen one. |h |t|9n|4 "Brown's Gas" is a revolutionary new technology being suppressed by the oil companies. |h |t|9n|4 There are no economics of scale to pv solar energy; small and personal is better. |h |t|9n|4 Since energy cannot be created or destroyed, its quality always remains constant. |h |t|9n|4 Compact fluorescent lamps are always more efficient than incandescent ones. |h ) setbody } store /True_False_3 { setbackground (True or False? (III)) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|9n|4 The main purpose of pv panels is to go offgrid. |h |t|9n|4 Alternate energy subsidies have proven to be extremely cost effective. |h |t|9n|4 "Temperature" measures the quantity of heat stored. |h |t|9n|4 Energy density by weight is the most important criteria for automotive apps. |h |t|9n|4 Terrestrial hydrogen is an energy source. |h |h ) setbody } store /Gotcha! { setbackground (Gotcha!) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|4 |h|/staytint1a |9|4 ( ALL of the above statements are outright lies! ) |h ) setbody } store /Some_People_I { setbackground (Some People\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|4 |h |9|4 \274will do ANYTHING to save the environment. |h|/staytint1a |9|4 ) setbody } store /Some_People_II{ setbackground (Some People\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|4 |h |9|4 \274will do ANYTHING to save the environment. |h|/staytint1a |9|4 \274 EXCEPT take a science course! ) setbody } store /Work_is { setbackground (Work and Energy\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|h|3|t|9n|4 WORK happens when a FORCE moves through a DISTANCE. |h |t|9n|4 Work is sometimes measured in FOOT POUNDS. |h |t|9n|4 ENERGY is the ability to do work. |h |t|9n|4 Energy is sometimes measured in BTU's of heat, as Joules (or wattseconds) or as watthours of electricity. |h |t|9n|4 POWER is the TIME RATE of energy use. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 Energy measures "how much". Power measures "how fast". ) setbody } store /BTU_is { setbackground (BTU's and Kilowatt Hours\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|9n|4 A |/tinton1a BRITISH THERMAL UNIT|/tintoff or BTU is the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. |h |t|9n|4 Or roughly the energy in one kitchen match. |h |t|9n|4 A BTU equals 777 foot pounds of work. This is the |/tinton1a MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT OF HEAT|/tintoff . |h |t|9n|4 A |/tinton1a KILOWATT HOUR|/tintoff is 3,600,000 Joules. Or use of a 100 watt light bulb for ten hours. Or an average week's use of a microwave oven. Or running up stairs continuously for five hours. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 Or about TEN CENTS worth of electricity. |h ) setbody } store /Temperature_quality { setbackground (Some Temperature Basics\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|9n|4 BTU's measure the QUANTITY of heat energy. |h |t|9n|4 Temperature measures heat energy QUALITY. |h |t|9n|4 Efficiency DEMANDS high quality energy. |h |t|9n|4 TEMPERATURE SCALES differ in their values for absolute zero, freezing, and boiling\274 |h|/staytint1a FAHRENHEIT ( -459, 32, 212 degrees ) RANKIN ( 0, 491, 691 degrees ) CELSIUS ( -273, 0, 100 degrees ) KELVIN ( 0, 273, 373 degrees ) |h|/black |t|9n|4 RANKIN or KELVIN has to be used for heat engine efficiency calculations. |h ) setbody } store /Delivery_Costs { setbackground (An energy delivery system\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal ( |h|3|t|9n|4 \274usually has three major costs\274 |h|/staytint1a |t |9n|4 The cost of the FEEDSTOCK. |h |t |9n|4 The cost of the DELIVERY SYSTEM. |h |t |9n|4 The cost of the AMORTIZATION. |/black |t|9n|4 Typically, delivery and amortization costs will totally dominate. Often making a "free" energy feedstock source noncompetitive. |h ) setbody } store /Net_Source { setbackground (Easily confused are\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|3|t|9n|4 ENERGY SOURCES - A substance or process ( such as gasoline ) that can add fully burdened |/tinton1a net|/tintoff new BTU's of energy to the economy. |t|9n|4 ENERGY CARRIERS - A substance or process ( such as hydrogen ) that has to be "filled" with old net energy before it can deliver. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 Without exception, ALL energy carriers will consume more old energy than they return. |h|/black |t|9n|4 ENERGY SINKS - A substance or process ( such as today's pv or corn ethanol ) that uses much more net old energy than it delivers. ) setbody } store /Thermo_Guarantees { setbackground (Thermodynamics tells us\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|9n|4 \274that any economy will be ultimately driven by its net energy inputs. |h |t|9n|4 Obviously, no energy = no economy. |/staytint1a |t|9n|4 DOLLAR - A voucher exchangeable for the the personal use and control of 10 electrical kilowatt hours or 30 gasoline kilowatt hours. |/black |t|9n|4 UTILITY BUYBACK AGREEMENTS - contractually equate currently dimes and kilowatt hours as being interchangeable and fungible. |h |t|9n|4 You can keep score either way. |h ) setbody } store /Gasoline_vs_Dollars { setbackground (Gasoline versus dollars\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|9n|4|/staytint1a It can be useful to think of "spending dollars" as "spending gasoline". |h|/black |t|9n|4 A solar panel that amortizes three cents a day but generates only two is a net energy sink. |h |t|9n|4 Taken in their totality, all pv solar panels to date are a large net energy sink. |h |t|9n|4 An energy sink that will get worse as new dollars are thrown at emerging technologies. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 Thus, not one net watthour of conventional silicon pv energy has ever been produced. |h|/black |t|9n|4 Proof of this is that not one power utility is yet using pv for routine peaking. ) setbody } store /Two_Position_Switch { setbackground (The Magic Switch\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|h|3|t|9n|4 There is a two position power switch on most any pv panel to date\274 |h |t|9n|4 In position "a", you destroy a lot of gasoline. |h |t|9n|4 In position "b", you destroy even more. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 All the incoming solar energy does is reduce your loses. |h|/black |t|9n|4 Taken in their totality, all pv solar panels to date are a large net energy sink. ) setbody } store /Energy_Density { setbackground (Two Ways to Measure Energy Density\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|t|9n|4 GRAVIMETRIC energy density asks "How heavy?" |h|/staytint1a |t |9n|4 Gravimetric energy density can be measured in watthours per kilogram. |/black |h |t|9n|4 VOLUMETRIC energy density asks "How big?" |h|/staytint1a |t |9n|4 volumetric energy density can be measured in watthours per liter. ) setbody } store /NRG_Density_List { % name of textfile: muse.fig.152.1 energy densities % ............................ save /snap1 exch def electronics begin 25 38 translate % position in box 2 dup scale -85 -26 10 setgrid % 30 30 showgrid /cstretch 0.02 def /sstretch 0.0 def /kern 0.1 def /yinc 1.1 def /font0 /Helvetica-Bold [1 0 0 1 0 -0.2] gonzofont /font1 /Helvetica 0.85 gonzofont /font4 /Helvetica 0.7 gonzofont /font3 /Helvetica-Bold 0.90 gonzofont /font2 /Helvetica-Oblique 0.75 gonzofont /font5 /Helvetica-Bold [2 0 0 1.4 0 0] gonzofont /font6 /Helvetica [2 0 0 1.4 0 0] gonzofont /font7 /Helvetica [0.6 0 0 0.6 0 -.3] gonzofont /font8 /Symbol 0.9 gonzofont /font6 /Symbol 0.75 gonzofont /font3 /StoneSans-Bold 0.9 gonzofont /font: /Helvetica [0.75 0 0 0.75 0 .4] gonzofont /tabs [8 14 ] def aqua /grayshade 0.8 store % temp??? 8 1.5 16 add mt 2 pu 23.5 pr 2 pd closepath grayshade 0.35 sub setgray fill 8 1.5 mt 16 pu 19 pr 16 pd closepath grayshade setgray fill 17 1.5 mt 16 pu 14.5 pr 16 pd closepath grayshade dup 1 ne {0.15 sub} if setgray fill black font3 0.25 setgray 18.5 18.3 ( ENERGY |j|jDENSITY |j|jCOMPARISONS ) cc black font1 10 16 (Gasoline |t9000 Wh/l |t13,500 Wh/Kg LNG |t7216 Wh/l |t12,100 Wh/Kg Propane |t6600 Wh/l |t13,900 Wh/Kg Ethanol |t6100 WH/l |t7,850 Wh/Kg Liquid H2 |t2600 Wh/l |t39,000* Wh/Kg 150 Bar H2 |t405 WH/l |t39,000* Wh/Kg |h Lithium |t250 Wh/l |t350 Wh/Kg Flywheel |t210 Wh/l |t120 Wh/Kg Liquid N2 |t65 Wh/l |t55 Wh/Kg Lead Acid |t40 Wh/l |t25 Wh/Kg Compr Air |t17 Wh/l |t34 Wh/Kg STP H2 |t2.7 Wh/l |t39,000* Wh/Kg |h |t|t|: *|j=|juncontained ) cl end ypos snap1 restore /ypos exch def } def /Which_Density? { setbackground (Which Density is Important?) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|3|t|9n|4 FOR DEEP SPACE, gravimetric energy density can be crucial because of specific impulse. |h |t|9n|4 For AUTO and terrestrial aps, volumetric energy density overwhelmingly dominates. |h |t|9n|4 Tripling the gravimetric energy density of gasoline saves about 26 pounds of weight. Which might be nice, but is no big deal. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 You always have to consider the CONTAINED gravimetric energy density. No means of storing hydrogen is know that is remotely as dense by weight as contained gasoline. ) setbody } store /Why_Gasoline? { setbackground (Why Gasoline?\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|h|3|t|9n|4 Gasoline ( and diesel ) have exceptional energy density combined with low cost and acceptable standards of safety and delivery. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 Any alternative solution MUST seek parity somewhere near 9000 watthours per liter. |h|/black |t|9n|4 Like it or not, gasoline is likely to remain the de facto standard of energy density comparison for the foreseeable future. |h |t|9n|4 The best of lithium batteries are 36 TIMES larger than gasoline. Standard lead acid batteries are 200 times larger AND heavier. ) setbody } store /Why_not_Hydrogen? { setbackground (Why Not Hydrogen?\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|y|y|3|t|9n|4 Hydrogen is ONLY an energy carrier. You have to fill it with old energy before you can use it. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 There is more hydrogen in a gallon of gasoline than there is in a gallon of liquid hydrogen. |h|/black |t|9n|4 The CONTAINED energy density of hydrogen by weight is much LESS than gasoline. Energy density by volume is a 3000:1 ludicrous joke. |h |t|9n|4 No vehicle practical means of increasing hydrogen density is known. Liquid hydrogen raises major efficiency and safety issues. |h |t|9n|4 The explosive range of hydrogen is among the widest known. It is ignitable with extremely low spark energy and burns invisibly. ) setbody } store /All_you_Need { setbackground (Secrets of Thermodynamics\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal ( |h |3|t|9n|4 There ain't no free lunch. |/staytint1a |t |9n|4 You cannot win. |t |9n|4 You cannot break even. |t |9n|4 Everything eventually goes to hell in a handbasket. ) setbody } store /More_Formally { setbackground (Or, more formally\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|y|h|t|9n|4 Energy normally flows from hot to cold. |h |t|9n|4 You have to input much more heat energy to a heat engine than you recover as work. |h|/tinton1a |t|9n|4 The best you can possibly do is the |/tinton1a CARNOT |/tinton1a LIMIT|/tintoff set by the absolute temperature ratio. Specifically: |/tinton1a (Th - Tl)/Th|/tintoff |4. Or |/tinton1a (Delta T)/Th|/black . |h|/black |t|9n|4 Good thermodynamics is REVERSIBLE. Meaning that it works equally well in either direction. |h |t|9n|4 An |/tinton1a ADIABATIC|/tintoff reversible process kicks off or accepts no external heat energy. |h |t|9n|4 An |/tinton1a ISOTHERMAL|/tintoff reversible process takes place at constant temperature. ) setbody } store /Beware_the_Mantra { setbackground (Beware the Mantra\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|y|t|9n|4 |/tinton1a "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed" is a true but woefully misleading statement. |h |t|9n|4 Because the QUALITY and FOCUS of energy will decline with each and every use. You have a three legged stool consisting of\274 |/staytint1a |t |9n|4 ENERGY - which is the capability of doing work. |h |t |9n|4 ENTROPY - which is a statistical measure of the disorder of the present energy form. |h |t |9n|4 EXERGY - which is an economic measure of the quality of the present energy form. ) setbody } store /Exergy_I { setbackground (Understanding Exergy\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|h|t|9n|4 Exergy is a measure of the QUALITY and UTILITY of energy in its present form. |h |t|9n|4 Specifically, exergy measures the recoverable and reversible energy fraction remaining. |h |t|9n|4 To measure exergy, you convert energy to some other form, convert it back, and see how much you have left. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 Loss of exergy is destructive and permanent. It can be similar to 1:1 exchanging US Dollars for Mexican Pesos. ) setbody } store /Exergy_II { setbackground (Avoiding value destruction\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|y|t|9n|4 Electricity is just about the highest exergy stuff there is. |h |t|9n|4 The exergy in gasoline can be around one-third that of electricity. Because it is hard to build a gasoline generator above 33 percent efficiency. |h |t|9n|4 Electrical resistance room heat is an example of terribly wasted exergy. Natural gas or heat pumps are often 3X to 5X less destructive. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 Electrolysis from high value electrical sources ( grid, wind, pv, or alternator ) for hydrogen makes no thermodynamic or economic sense. ) setbody } store /Key_Point { setbackground (A key point being that\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal ( |/tinton1a |3|t|9n|4 The irreversible destruction of exergy through electrolysis is ludicrous. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 There ALWAYS will be more intelligent things to do with the electricity. ) setbody } store /Other_Problems { setbackground (Other Problems with Electrolysis Fantasies\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|y|t|9n|4 A switchmode voltage-to-current controller is demanded for efficiency. |h |t|9n|4 Stainless steel is unusable for electrodes because of the hydrogen overvoltage of iron. Costly and often renewed platinized platinum is needed. |h |t|9n|4 It is trivially easy to UNDER MEASURE pulse waveforms. Specialized tests are demanded. |h |t|9n|4 A large body of pseudoscience |/tinton1a "electrocity" ignores Faraday's laws. There is no "water powered car". |h |t|9n|4 Safety and embrittlement issues are extreme. ) setbody } store /On_Board { setbackground (Why in-vehicle electrolysis doesn't work\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|h|y|t|9n|4|/staytint1a The primary product produced is low grade heat, forming a DYNAMIC BRAKE that stops the vehicle in less than normal coasting distance. |h|/black |t|9n|4 Standard automotive alternator efficiency is very low. Engine load increases faster than increasing alternator output. |h |t|9n|4 Only trivial amounts of power can be routed through a standard fanbelt. |h |t|9n|4 Most product designs are uselessly inefficient. Stainless steel can NOT be used for electrodes. Crucial current switchmode drivers are absent. |h |t|9n|4 Costs overwhelmingly outweigh the benefits. ) setbody } store /On_Board_Summary { setbackground (An on-board vehicle electrolysis summary\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal ( |3|t|9n|4 Before the stupid mistakes are made, the numbers do not add up by a country mile. |h |/staytint1a |t|9n|4 After the stupid mistakes are made ( such as stainless steel, a fanbelt, outrageous costs, but no switchmode driver ), |/su the numbers|4|/trashelc.pdf become laughingly absurd. ) setbody } store %%%%%%%% need moved /Efficiency { setbackground (Efficiency\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|h|y|t|9n|4 Efficiency is a measure of how much energy you get back for a net energy input. |h |t|9n|4 Efficiency can be measured several ways\274 |h|/black |t |9n|4 |/tinton1a RAW EFFICIENCY|/tintoff -- strict energy output versus energy input as measured in a lab. |h |t |9n|4 |/tinton1a FULLY BURDENED|/tintoff -- the efficiency after amortization and direct costs. |h |t |9n|4 |/tinton1a SOCIETAL|/tintoff -- the efficiency after allowing for all hidden factors. |h |t|9n|4 "Efficacy" is a more correct term when input and output energy forms are different. ) setbody } store /Why_not_Ethanol? { setbackground (Why not Ethanol?\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal ( |3|h|y|t|9n|4 Ethanol is a water-loving polar solvent and thus a very poor choice for a fuel. |h |t|9n|4 Ethanol from corn is horribly energy inefficient and can easily become a net energy sink. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 A case can be made that corn ethanol is an outrageous 15 billion dollar vote buying scam of zero technical or environmental merit. |h|/black |t|9n|4 Switchgrass or Bagasse (sugar cane residue) may have potential as ethanol feedstocks. |h|/black |t|9n|4 Ethanol fires resist many firefighting foams. ) setbody } store /Amortization { setbackground (Amortization\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|y|t|9n|4 Amortization is the timed payment of earlier financed value. Here is a |/su calculator|1|/loanamort . |h |t|9n|4 For instance, $10,000 at 9 percent for 8 years amortizes at $146.50 per month. |h |t|9n|4 Paying cash in advance makes no difference because of the |/tinton1a excluded opportunity costs. |h |t|9n|4 Having value left when payments are completed is simply |/tinton1a accelerated depreciation. |h |t|9n|4 There are no differences between institutional financing, personal savings, or hobbies. ) setbody } store /Fuel_Cells { setbackground (What About Fuel Cells?) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|h|t|9n|4 A fuel cell is an electrolysizer run backwards. |h |t|9n|4 Max possible efficiency is one-sixth exothermic. |h |t|9n|4 Motor, controller, and wiring losses further limit efficiency. As does fuel reformation and being unable to use the fuel's carbon fraction. |h |t|9n|4 Serious issues remain with membrane lifetimes, total costs and system reliability. |h|/staytint1a |t|9n|4 Fuel cells are unlikely to EVER significantly exceed conventional efficiencies. Meanwhile, the ICE is improving at a much faster rate. ) setbody } store /Which_Subsidy_I { setbackground (Which subsidy do you prefer?) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|h|y|t|9n|4 The |/tinton1a OLD CALIFORNIA|/tintoff model in which virtually all of the paybacks went into boiler shop scams that set pv back by many decades. |h |t|9n|4 The |/tinton1a NEW CALIFORNIA|/tintoff model in which it may take |/su FIFTY THREE YEARS|4|/decade of total pv net new energy production to pay the debt. |h |t|9n|4 The |/tinton1a TORONTO|/tintoff model in which they hand pushed and coasted their nonworking hydrogen bus into a major media event. Where, of course, it was lavishly praised for its silent operation. |h |t|9n|4 The |/tinton1a ARIZONA|/tintoff model in which you were given a free SUV for installation of a one gallon tank. |h ) setbody } store /Which_Subsidy_II { setbackground (Or these?) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|3|y|t|9n|4 The |/tinton1a DETROIT|/tintoff model where their bus demos are trucking hydrogen in from Pittsburgh. |h |t|9n|4 The |/tinton1a MIDWEST|/tintoff model where a monumental energy sink was cleverly disguised as a twelve billion dollar vote buying scam. |h |t|9n|4 The |/tinton1a SOUTH CAROLINA|/tintoff model where they added a five ton evaporative cooler to get their 3 ton but nonworking solar adsorption cooler to look good. |h |t|9n|4 The |/tinton1a BRAZIL|/tintoff model that nearly bankrupted the entire country over monumental ethanol stupidity. ) setbody } store /Rooftop { setbackground (Because\274) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal ( |/staytint1a |3|t|9n|4 It makes zero environmental or economic or thermodynamic sense to pay people to put obsolete and known defective gasoline destroying net energy sinks on wildly inappropriate rooftops. ) setbody } store % /Why_not_Ethanol? % /Amortization % /Which_Subsidy_I % /Which_Subsidy_II % /Fuel_Cells /PV_Intro { settitlebackground 1 1 1 setrgbcolor /yinc 3 store slidewide 2 div 23 (|6A Photovoltaic Panel\nIntro and Summary|j|j) cc 0.25 0.25 0.25 setrgbcolor /yinc 2 store slidewide 2 div 11 (|3By Don Lancaster \nand Synergetics) cc slidewide 2 div 2.65 (|4 |/su http://www.tinaja.com|/homepage |j|j|j) cc } store /For_More_Detail { setbackground (For More Detail:) settitle /tabs [0 0 0 ]store % 4 is normal (|h|3|y|t|9n|4 This has summarized of these text tutorials\274 |h |/surl SOME ENERGY FUNDAMENTALS|4|/energfun.pdf |/surl MORE ENERGY FUNDAMENTALS|4|/morenrgf.pdf |h |t|9n|4 More on electrolysis can be found at\274 |h |/surl MUSE153.PDF|4|/muse153.pdf |/surl TRASHELC.PDF|4|/trashelc.pdf |h |t|9n|4 Ongoing energy developments are viewed at\274 |h |/surl WHAT'S NEW 08|4|/whtnu08.asp |h |t|9n|4 Custom consulting is available by way of\274 |h |/surl Our INFOPACK Research Service|4|/info01.asp ) setbody } store /This_has_been { setbackground /newyinc {/yinc 1.25 store /xpos xpos 1 sub store} store (This has been\274) settitle ( \274|j|ja presentation by Don Lancaster and |/to Synergetics|/tx , 3860 West First Street, Box 809, Thatcher, Arizona, 85552. (928) 428-4073. |h |/su mailto:don@tinaja.com|1|/maildon |h |h|/staytint1r |/newyinc |8Copyright c 2008 and earlier by Don Lancaster and Synergetics. Linking usually welcome. All media, web, and ALL other rights fully reserved. Mirroring or reposting is expressly forbidden.) setbody } store %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Actual generator %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% makeslideshow % this does it all % EOF